PHIL 3160 – Philosophy of Happiness

What is it, how can we best pursue it, why should we? Supporting the study of these and related questions at Middle Tennessee State University and beyond. "Examining the concept of human happiness and its application in everyday living as discussed since antiquity by philosophers, psychologists, writers, spiritual leaders, and contributors to pop culture."

Saturday, December 30, 2023

A Hopeful ["surprisingly upbeat"] Reminder: You’re Going to Die. HAPPY NEW YEAR!

Fifty years on, Ernest Becker's "The Denial of Death" remains an essential, surprisingly upbeat guide to our final act on Earth.

...Only by confronting our own mortality, Becker argued, could we live more fully. To hold that terror is to see more clearly what matters and what does not — and how important it is to grasp the difference. Contemplating death is like a cold plunge for the soul, a prick to the amygdala. You emerge renewed, your vision clarified. "To talk about hope is to give the right focus to the problem," Becker wrote... nyt

Wednesday, December 27, 2023

Resolute meliorists

NYTimes: This Year, Make a Resolution About Something Bigger Than Yourself


…In "Leaves of Grass," Walt Whitman writes: "This is what you shall do: Love the earth and sun and the animals, despise riches, give alms to everyone who asks, stand up for the stupid and crazy." He continues, "Re-examine all you have been told at school or church or in any book, dismiss whatever insults your own soul, and your very flesh shall be a great poem.''

So there. If you're looking for a worthwhile resolution, Whitman is not a bad place to start.

The task of improving the world may seem impossible, but it isn't...


https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/26/opinion/new-years-resolutions.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare
This Year, Make a Resolution About Something Bigger Than Yourself

Saturday, December 23, 2023

When Philosophers Become Therapists

Coincidentally, I've been invited to deliver an Honors lecture on mental health in the spring. Maybe I'll hang out a shingle one of these days.

"…Amir is one of a small but growing number of philosophers who provide some form of individual counselling. In the United States, two professional associations for philosophical counsellors, the National Philosophical Counseling Association (N.P.C.A.) and the American Philosophical Practitioners Association (A.P.P.A.), list dozens of philosophers who can help you with your problems. Italy has multiple professional organizations for different forms of philosophical counselling, and similar organizations exist in Germany, India, Spain, Norway, and several other countries. In Austria, Italy, and Romania, universities offer master's degrees in the field. Everyone should study philosophy, Amir told me; since few people do, she argues that philosophical counselling fills an important need. "If he changed, it's because he got educated," she said of David's transformation. "And he got educated because he wanted a philosophical education. If something good happened to him, it happened because of philosophy, not me. I just enabled the encounter."

https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-inquiry/when-philosophers-become-therapists?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_122323&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&utm_term=tny_daily_digest&bxid=5c841d5c20122e411b1e149f&cndid=56648652&hasha=59d96715664ce818408b3b83995fc11f&hashb=b0588b7a8c27b16cf7d01d937934e5e2b0ac17f1&hashc=d1c940754c111e1869e54c56ad5c3a084007c46d37e718ede3bc4ff825a20ae1&esrc=VERSO_NAVIGATION&mbid=CRMNYR012019

Saturday, December 16, 2023

John Lachs memorial this afternoon

The memorial for my mentor John Lachs is this afternoon. 

John was a wonderful philosopher of happiness, and of "immediacy" as the key to its attainment. He had little use for the tone-deaf philosophers who are out of touch with their own subjectivity and feelings:

"…immediacy continues to receive little attention in the world of thought. In philosophy, in semiotics, in law and the other professions, thirds occupy pride of place. Our interest is focused on rules and laws, on the intelligible structure of what we do. We seem to think that understanding is possible on the basis of description alone and that living, direct experience, what we might call direct acquaintance, is an impediment to thought. In our urgency to know the outcome of our acts, we overlook how they feel. We appear not to realize that some of the most important consequences we help cause are feelings and emotions. Instead, we relegate private experience to the realm of the "merely subjective" and thereby rob it of dignity and significance. Even worse, some philosophers go so far as to deny the existence of feelings and private minds altogether. In the quiet of their minds, they clearly feel good about holding such positions…

John Dewey… called such immediate experiences and ideas that which is "had." He thought that in the form of direct enjoyments, these moments constitute the only delights or consummations of which we are capable. They are, in this way, the core of value and goodness: all the instrumentalities of life aim at securing and extending these periods of gratification. Dewey's point is as right as it seems forgotten. Pleasure, satisfaction, enjoyment, and delight can exist only in being had: they are moments of life that can be shared but not expressed, experienced but not explained. In overlooking immediacy, therefore, we decline to pay attention to the values that make our existence worthwhile. If everything is merely a means to some distant objective, we are left with no intrinsically enjoyable ends at all. If everything is public activity and busy work, we are robbed of exhilaration, of joyful absorption in the moment, of the private smile of the soul."

— The Cost of Comfort (American Philosophy) by John Lachs
https://a.co/4dmTNkK

Friday, December 15, 2023

Grades

To whom it may concern: I don't post grades on D2L, as I indicated at the beginning. But you already knew about 85+% of how you did in the course via exams + presentations (you got all the points for those, unless I've indicated otherwise).

But our Happy class wasn't really that much about grades, was it? I thought of it more as practice.









"How do you determine a student's grade?"
     --"Well, I add up the grades for the essays, quizzes, the midterm and final. I average them out. Then I consult my stomach."

That's what the late Fred Stocking, Williams College Shakespeare scholar, told his student (later NPR reporter) Barbara Bradley Hagerty.

My stock answer is a bit simpler: I add up the points, consult my stomach and scorecards, and add more if they tell me to.


Happy holidays!

Tuesday, December 12, 2023

A quiet life

"A happy life must be to a great extent a quiet life, for it is only in an atmosphere of quiet that true joy dare live."


I've discovered a happy Substack community called The Quiet Life. I asked its leader if she knew this quote from Bertrand Russell. She did not, and was delighted to hear it.

Here's her affectionate recollection of her nonagenarian grandfather...

A Stoic’s Key to Peace of Mind: Seneca on the Antidote to Anxiety

"…It is likely that some troubles will befall us; but it is not a present fact. How often has the unexpected happened! How often has the expected never come to pass! And even though it is ordained to be, what does it avail to run out to meet your suffering? You will suffer soon enough, when it arrives; so look forward meanwhile to better things. What shall you gain by doing this? Time…"

The Marginalian

Monday, December 11, 2023

Our happy place

Thanks, everyone, for your posts... and for creating a happy atmosphere for our course! 

Feel free to continue sharing thoughts, insights, questions, and concerns on this site. It remains our happy place.

Sunday, December 10, 2023

Taylor Mills Final Blog Post

In chapter twelve of Four Thousand Weeks, Burkeman dives into the psyche of those he refers to as “digital nomads.” These are people seemingly obsessed with the concept of control in regards to their schedules, which often results in isolation from their peers. The main example Burkeman refers to throughout the chapter is a man known as Mario Salcedo who appears as the main character in Oppenheim’s film The Happiest Guy in the World. In this, Salcedo resides on a cruise ship and lives what he claims to be a perfect life, as he is not bogged down by mindless chores or needy children. He claims employees as close companions and is often found bragging to passengers about his level of happiness, though Burkeman seems entirely unmoved by such a statement. 

Burkeman claims Salcedo’s viewpoint is a rather fatal misunderstanding of what time should mean to us, as if it is something to be hoarded rather than redistributed to those we love and things we enjoy. Curating one’s own schedule sounds ideal in theory, but for people like Salcedo, it can often lead to separation from the people they should most value. This results in a lack of synchronization from the world at large, therefore while others are achieving some semblance of what is viewed as true happiness, this outlier is wandering aimlessly within an illusion of fulfillment. 

I have most definitely been someone Burkeman highlights in chapter twelve of Four Thousand Weeks, relishing in the time I get to spend in total seclusion rather than seeking out the company of others. I look back on my life and try to think of moments I genuinely felt the happiest, and each of them include another person or being. Despite knowing this, I have convinced myself that if I had more time alone, I would somehow achieve happiness. Throughout this semester, I have found myself still thinking that once I find the time to finish that novel I’ve been reading or rewatch that movie I loved in my younger years, I would finally have something close to a sense of happiness that I could latch onto and follow, but as the semester is drawing to a close, I’m struck with the realization that the more time I have available to me, the more my anxiety worsens. I turn to mindless entertainment to keep my brain from spiraling in these moments. I blast music into my ears and scroll endlessly to try and drown out my increasing heart rate, though it never works. Maybe if I could face this discomfort, I would be more content, but this still wouldn’t make me happy. I would continue to have these thoughts that I’m not doing enough, that I’m missing out and only wasting what little time I already have. 

When I try and think of what I could be doing instead of nothing, my thoughts go back to those books I haven’t completed or movies I haven’t watched or short stories I can’t seem to finish or albums I haven’t heard. Never once do I see interaction with people I care about as something more meaningful than this false sense of productivity. As I’m typing this, I feel overwhelmingly ashamed, knowing in my heart that I have been successfully brainwashed by a system that values what we can contribute over any real sense of comfortability we could possibly be feeling. I am continuously valuing the time I could be spending on myself more than the time I could be using to strengthen the meaningful relationships in my life, essentially stripping myself of those connections and welcoming an isolation that has only led to a decline in my overall health. 

Four Thousand Weeks felt like looking in a mirror and becoming horrifically aware of every scab desecrating my skin, every scar I’ve pretended I don’t notice still leaving a deep imprint. I thought of this chapter in particular when spending the weekend with some relatives of mine. While I was trying to read, my cousin’s infant daughter kept crawling towards me with a smile pulling at her cheeks and her arms outstretched. She would grab at my book or my phone or my piercings or my glasses. I felt mildly irritated throughout these interactions, but thankfully, I was reminded of death, of the fact that these moments are so few and far between. She’s gotten so big since the last time I saw her, and one day, we’re both going to be much older. And I’ll have wished I held onto her and kissed her forehead instead of redirecting her, so I scooped her up and rubbed my nose against hers. She giggled so innocently, and I was reminded of my brothers. As the oldest of four, I always saw it as my responsibility to watch over them, but when I was holding her, I felt like a failure. Because when was the last time I treated them with such care, or even made it known that I love them? When was the last time I gazed at them with such fondness or held them so tenderly? Now, I can't even recognize any of them. They slip through my fingers like sand in a sifter, yet I have the nerve to feel pride in my lack of maliciousness. This picture of her grasping my hand serves as a reminder to be kinder, to be present in moments I'm lucky enough to have in the first place. To mend relationships I may not have even realized were tearing at the seams.

I apologize if that was too personal, but I wanted to make it known just how grateful I am both for this reading in particular and the conversations we have all had together, as it has given me an abundance of opportunities to self-reflect. This course in particular will always be special to me, and I’m very glad I met you all. I'll miss us being together in person. Those are more moments I have taken for granted. I’ll try to be better.

Final Blog Post (Tristan Dobbs)

For some reason, I’ve struggled to put together this final blog post. It could be due to the very concept that Burkeman was speaking on the entire time where the possibility for me to do everything isn’t possible. Nevertheless, I still want to put my effort forward to actually get something written down as a final thoughts section to my presentation. And final thoughts should be how this is seen as I’ve had some new ideas due to the comments from my own presentation. Those new ideas revolve around my understanding of the contradiction I brought forward during the presentation, but it may now be more appropriate to say that the new ideas revolve around the lack of a contradiction. What I am saying is that I may be wrong with my presentation of Burkeman’s ideas, but I still want to hold true to the importance of the presence I originally spoke of. 

In order to do this, I would like to still explore the conception of presence that I original brought up (the presence spoke about by Duncan's mom) by looking at Midnight Gospel. To begin, it would be beneficial to actually show the conversation between Duncan and his mom: Deneen Fendig. Due to the original being on Netflix, I won’t be able to show the actual episode; however, there is an audio version on YouTube. I highly recommend anyone to watch the show for themselves. 



I rather enjoy the conception of presence which Fendig talks about in this clip. It isn’t anything new, but this was one of my first experiences with the topic at hand which gives it meaning to me. Fendig positions presence as a sensation outside of your ordinary mind. It is more than living with the present moment. Instead, Fendig’s correlations this state of presence as being within another state of consciousness. It is a consciousness outside of our everyday life that we attend to.  

 

What I particularly like about Fendig’s form of presence is that it addresses issues that Kade talked about within their presentation. Trying to figure out what people can do within their own lives while capable of action is a good thing to try to strive for. However, there are many who are not in any position whatsoever to act within their own life. Those who are deathly ill or handicap may not be able to act in such a way that Burkeman presents. Fendig’s presence, however, can be achieved by anyone at any moment. It transcends the material and physical limitations that may occur due to the state of an individual. Fendig even acknowledges this with their conversation with Duncan when stating that someone could be penniless or dying next to a river, but they could still achieve this form of presence. 

 

After giving my presentation, I put this understanding of presence next to what I labeled as Burkeman’s understanding of presence. However, Burkeman never used presence within the examples I gave. For example, Burkeman says, Once you no longer feel the stifling pressure to become a particular kind of person, you can confront the personality, the strengths and weakness, the talent and enthusiasms you find yourself with, here and now, and follow where they lead.” Burkeman’s position is one with trying to within the her and now of life, but he doesn’t say presence. This could then be a difference between coming to a state of presence (which would follow what Fendig presents) and being present within life (which might be what Burkeman is trying to show). In my head, the difference between these seem clear, but I should first note that others may put this down to just a difference in semantics. That may be a valid point; however, my understanding of the two concepts positions being present as action based while having a state of presence is beyond action. 

I’m going to now reference an article in order to make my next point, and there like will be here if you’d like to read more of it.  

To show being present rather then arriving at a state of presence, there was this article I found by Tim Lott which talks about Zen Buddhism. Lott states: 

The emphasis on the present moment is perhaps zen's most distinctive characteristic. In our western relationship with time, in which we compulsively pick over the past in order to learn lessons from it, and then project into a hypothetical future in which those lessons can be applied, the present moment has been compressed to a tiny sliver on the clock face between a vast past and an infinite future. Zen, more than anything else, is about reclaiming and expanding the present moment.”  

This more closely follows Burkeman’s idea of being present within our lives instead of projecting out to some possible future. This is where when Burkeman says that we should be okay without not seeing “your actions reach fruition” comes into play. By being more present within your life, you can see that your actions might not come to completion within your life; however, there is still value within being present and doing that task. Even if it never comes to completion, the act of being present and doing that action nonetheless holds its own importance. 

On a side note, here is a great book on Zen Buddhism if you're interested: 

 

By separating the two ideas around presence and being present, I feel as if I have a better appreciation for what both Burkeman and Fendig are trying to say. However, I still don’t know if I’ve come to any final understandings to all of this. I think I’ll need to do some more thinking and research before I come to any conclusions on these ideas.  

To end this blogpost off, I wanted to show an Eddie Murphy clip that reminded me of this whole book. I think it’s related to some movie or something. I’m not really sure, but Eddie Murphy’s speech about only living 75 years says lines up very well with Burkeman’s entire book. Here it is: 



I hope everyone has a wonderful break!!! 

You don’t need a pill: Neo

It is not how much we have, but how much we enjoy, that makes happiness True happiness is... to enjoy the present, without anxious dependen...